In the field of high salinity wastewater treatment, conventional reverse osmosis has long faced a hard technical barrier: when feed TDS exceeds about 75 g/L, the osmotic pressure difference across the membrane forces operating pressure to approach – or even exceed – the safe limits of membrane elements. The traditional solution is to switch to thermal processes such as multi effect evaporation or mechanical vapor recompression (MVR), but thermal concentration consumes over 20 kWh/m³, accounting for up to 80% of the operating cost of a zero liquid discharge (ZLD) system.
OARO fundamentally changes this situation. It cleverly integrates reverse osmosis and forward osmosis principles by introducing a saline draw solution on the permeate side to actively reduce the transmembrane osmotic pressure difference. This keeps the net driving pressure across the membrane within a safe and economical range. This mechanism allows the system to concentrate 35 g/L brine to 125 g/L with an energy consumption as low as 4 kWh/m³, or push brine concentration to the saturation level of 250,000–260,000 ppm under conventional 70 bar pressure. Compared to traditional ZLD routes, OARO can reduce the thermal evaporation/crystallization load by more than 60% and lower total system costs by up to 60%.
High salinity wastewater (the feed solution) is pressurised and enters the high pressure side of the OARO membrane element, while a low concentration salt solution (the draw solution, typically prepared by diluting a portion of the system’s own concentrate) flows on the permeate side. Under the applied driving pressure, water molecules migrate from the high pressure side to the low pressure side, the feed concentration continuously increases, and the draw solution is gradually diluted. The diluted draw solution can be either recycled back as fresh draw solution or further desalinated by a downstream RO unit to recover fresh water. Through multi stage counter current series connection, the system can approach salt saturation in a cascading manner.
Concentrates brine to near‑saturation, dramatically reducing evaporation/crystallization load and significantly lowering full‑cycle system operating cost. Achieves up to 99% water recovery.
OARO effectively treats produced water with high TDS, organics, and complex salts. Membrane flux loss can be reduced from 20% to
Concentrates low‑grade brines to saturation, creating ideal conditions for subsequent lithium/potassium selective precipitation or membrane separation.
Further concentrates RO brine to >250,000 ppm, dramatically reducing discharge volume and recovering valuable salts such as NaCl.
Concentrates NaCl, Na₂SO₄ in textile, pharmaceutical, and electroplating wastewater to saturation for reuse in industrial processes.
Secondary concentration of RO concentrate (TDS 70–80 g/L) to >150 g/L, increasing ZLD capacity without expanding evaporator footprint.